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In order to understand the term research data a general definition of the term data is necessary: Data is a set of measured values of qualitative or quantitative variables regardless whether it is recorded on paper or in digital format.
Although metadata is data about data and the related (data traformationtransformation) processes, it should be considered as essential as the primary data of a study, because metadata could be the primary data of someone else's research (e.g. in a meta analysis).

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